Detecting Signs of E.T.

From time to time, the news media falls in love with stories about how aliens have been found. From the detection of a possible signal from a distant civilization to tales of an alien megastructure around a star observed by the Kepler Space Telescope to the story of the WOW! signal detected in 1977 by an astronomer at Ohio State University, any time theres a hint of a puzzling discovery in astronomy, we see breathless headlines that aliens have been found.   In point of fact, there hasnt been an alien civilization found...yet. But, astronomers keep looking! Finding Something Weird In late summer 2016, astronomers picked up what seemed like a signal from a distant sun-like star called HD 164595. Preliminary searches using the Allen Telescope Array in California showed that the signal picked up by a Russian telescope was not likely from an alien civilization. However, more telescopes will check out the signal to understand what it is and what could be making it. For   now, however, its problem not little green aliens sending us a howdy.   Another star, called KIC 8462852, was observed by Kepler for more than four years. It appears to have a variability in its brightness. That is, the light we perceive coming from this F-type star dims periodically. Its not a regular period of time, so its probably not caused by an orbiting planet. Such planet-caused dimmings are called transits. Kepler has cataloged many stars using the transit method and found thousands of planets this way. But, the dimming of KIC 8462852 was just too irregular. While astronomers and observers worked on cataloging its dimmings, they also talked to an astronomer who had been thinking hard about what we might see if a distant star had planets with life on them. And, in particular, if that life was technologically able to build superstructures around their star to harvest its light (for example).    What Could it Be? If a big structure orbited a star, it could cause the variability in the stars brightness to be irregular or even random-seeming. Of course, there are some caveats with this idea. First, distance is a problem. Even a fairly large structure would be difficult to detect from Earth, even with very strong detectors. Second, the star itself could have some strange variable pattern, and astronomers would need to observe it for longer periods of time to figure out what it is. Third, stars with dust clouds around them can also have fairly large planetary structures forming. Those planetesimals could also cause irregular brightness dips in the starlight we detect from Earth, especially if they were orbiting at staggered distances. Finally, catastrophic collisions between clumps of material around a star could deliver huge groups of objects such as cometary nuclei in orbit around the star. Those could also affected the perceived brightness of the star.   The Simple Truth In science, theres a rule that we follow called Occams Razor — it means, essentially, for any given event or object you observe, generally the most plausible explanation is the simplest one.   In this case, stars with clumps of dust, planetesimals, or roving exo-comets are more likely than aliens. Thats because stars FORM in cloud of gas and dust, and younger stars still have material around them left over from the formation of their planets. KIC 8462852 could be in in a planet-forming stage, consistent with its age and mass (its about 1.4 times the mass of the Sun and a bit younger than our star). So, the simplest explanation here is NOT an alien megacomplex, but swarms of comets.   The Search Protocol The search for extrasolar planets has always been a prelude to a search for life elsewhere in the universe. Each star and planet system discovered to have worlds has to be examined carefully so that astronomers understand its inventory of planets, moons, rings, asteroids, and comets. Once thats done, the next step is to figure out if the worlds are friendly to life -— that is, are they habitable? They do this by trying to understand if the world has an atmosphere, where it is in its orbit around the star, and what its evolutionary state might be.   So far, none have been found hospitable. But, theyll be found. Odds are, there is intelligent life elsewere in the universe. Eventually, we will detect it — or it will find us. In the meantime, astronomers on Earth continue to search for habitable planets around likely stars. The more they study, they more theyll be ready to recognize lifes effects elsewhere.

High School And College Is The Sports Knowledge - 1802 Words

Another difference between high school and college is the sports knowledge. High school coaches use simple offense and defense concepts because the level of play is not as good. College teams use a more complex offense and defense system because the level of play is higher. The professional teams have the most elaborate offensive and defensive schemes. College helps players mentally get ready for professional play by teaching the players things high school coaches don’t have time to teach the. When an athlete makes it to the professional level they are expected to understand the concepts. Athletes are better prepared to play professionally if they go to college. College athletic programs offer athletes specialized training, which is very difficult to get anywhere else. Every team has a trainer for the athletes. The trainers give the athletes specialized workouts and diets to make the athletes the best they can be. Most of the trainers have degrees in physical training or a similar area. The training makes athletes tremendously better than when they arrived at the university. The training also makes athletes ready for the professional level. It is extremely rare for an athlete to be physically ready to play professionally when they are in high school. the college training helps athletes be physically ready to play professionally and shows them the work ethic needed to be a professional athlete. The athletes are the ones performing for the university s and theShow MoreRelatedThe Possibility of College Sports Being Banned775 Words   |  3 PagesThe first time that I had any type of knowledge about the possibility of college sports being banned was just a few weeks ago inside of my English 101 class. I cannot express how surprise I was when I found this out. Not in a million years I ever would of thought a activity that most athletes live by every day can just go away in a snap of a finger. How could somebody even turn professional if they have not been in the college phase yet? Questions just arise in my head when I hear about this topicRead MoreCollege Athletics Is A Major Part Of PeopleS Lives Around1364 Words   |  6 PagesCollege athletics is a major part of people s lives around the world. From the athletes playing the various sports to the fans watching from their televisions it has become a huge thing. A portion of these people seem to think that the athletes deser ve more then what is already given to them. A question has been brought up and debated on whether or not these athletes should be paid to play. College athletes are hard working young adults trying to earn a degree at whichever school they have chosenRead MoreEducation : The Importance Of Sports And Education1680 Words   |  7 Pagesprosperity. The school system a place made for education has drafted away from its purpose. Sports in the eyes of young people is the key they need for life. 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The USA also funds the pu blic school system, thus eliminatingRead MoreCollege Athletes Have A Dream Of Becoming A Professional Athlete1486 Words   |  6 PagesMany college athletes have a dream of becoming a professional athlete. In most countries, especially in Europe, athletes are club players who move from amateur to professional status at a young age. Some drop out of school as young as 14 years of age to play sports professionally, while others finish school in Europe and attend college in the United States to play at a university. The United States is one of the few countries worldwide to emphasize education before professional sports. In factRead MoreRichard Graff s Hidden Intellectualism1257 Words   |  6 Pages Education. I believe it to be one of the greatest gifts this world could give us. My mother always told me that knowledge is power and that I could never learn enough. She taught me to love being the best I could be and to always want to know more, to question everything. 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Phychology paper on cognitive developmental stages free essay sample

During Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, he introduces four different stages that children go through all the way up to adolescents. Piaget states that none of these stages can be skipped. These stages show how a child’s mind is intellectually developing over time as they grow. Their cognitive abilities progress and they begin to have a better understanding of the world around them. Throughout this paper I will explain the four stages of cognitive development; sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. The first stage of cognitive development that Piaget states is the sensorimotor stage. This stage is initiated at birth and lasts normally through when the child is 18 months. Everything in this stage is learned from the child exploring different things the best way they know how, whether by putting things in their mouth, or learning how to make the toys move on their play mat. Also, early language development occurs during the early part of this stage such as â€Å"coo-ing†. We will write a custom essay sample on Phychology paper on cognitive developmental stages or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then language progresses into words towards the later part of this stage where the child starts forming actual words such as â€Å"No†, and â€Å"Mine†. The second stage of cognitive development is the preoperational stage. This stage starts around 18 months, and lasts until about the age of 7. Children start being able to grasp symbols. For example, they can draw a series of squares with a triangle on top to represent a house. They also start to learn the alphabet, which is, of course, the set of symbols we use to read and write. On the other hand, they don’t understand abstract concepts like amounts, speed, or weight. In one of Piaget’s most famous experiments, he showed that children at this stage can’t comprehend that if you pour liquid from a short, wide glass into a tall, narrow glass, it’s still the same amount. The third stage of cognitive development is the concrete operational stage. This stage starts around 7, and lasts until 12 years old. In this stage children comprehend ideas like weight, amount, and speed, and can understand that the amount of liquid in the two glasses is the same. For example, a younger child in this stage would explain what would happen if you hit a glass with a feather based on what he knows about feathers, whereas the older child reasons from the previous statement and answers according to the logic proposed. They can also understand causal relationships; though not necessarily explain the reasoning behind them. The last stage of cognitive development is the formal operational stage. This  stage starts after about the age of 12. At this stage children begin to understand abstract concepts and reason logically. If you ask them what â€Å"justice† means, they can explain it. In this stage formal operational thinking is being illustrated.

Environmental Ethical Issues free essay sample

Environmental Ethical Issues Introduction to Ethics Social Responsibility April 1, 2010 Environmental Ethical Issues Environmental ethics is the discipline in philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human beings to, and also the value and moral status of, the environment and its nonhuman contents (Brennan Lo, 2008). Traditionally, environmental ethics put human being as the only living things with any intrinsic value, an end in itself. The earth and everything on the earth was strictly meant for the benefit of human beings. All other beings were regarded as having instrumental value; furthering some other ends. This theory or way of thinking is referred to as anthropocentric. In the last decades of the twentieth century this human centered theory was confronted with a new environmental ethical theory where humans were not the only living beings being considered to have intrinsic value. This new theory became one of importance because of the growing number of threats to the environmental condition of the world that we human beings live in. As human beings, the only ethical choice regarding the environment is to care for and preserve our environment so that we have an environment in which to prosper in the future. In a essay written by historian Lynn White jr. on the historical roots of the environmental crisis, he argues that â€Å"the main strands of Judeo-Christian thinking had encouraged the overexploitation of nature by maintaining the superiority of humans over all other forms of life on earth, and by depicting all of nature as created for the human use† (Brennan LO, 2008). These anthropocentric theories were originated from verses in the Bible where man is described as dominion over the earth and he should flourish and multiply. Judeo-Christian thoughts that lead humans to believe and live anthropocentrically are directly related to the environmental crisis that we face today. In 1968, Stanford ecologist Paul Ehrlich Published The Population Bomb, â€Å"warning (humans) that the growth of human population threatened the viability of planetary life systems† (Brennan and Lo, 2008). This caused people to look at the environment differently, in a non-anthropocentric manner. People began to realize that if they continued only respecting the rights of human beings and continued to disregard the importance of the earth and all other beings, it was going to negatively affect the environment, which they needed to survive. People became aware that if the world population continued to rise at such alarming rates, the environmental problems caused by overpopulation would increase in both number and seriousness. With the increased population and the anthropocentric manner of thinking, problems such as pollution and depletion of much needed natural resources would plague the humans of the world. Realizing what they stand to lose and at what financial costs has lead people to a thought process that resembles a non-anthropocentric view. It is not that all people have adopted a deep ecology belief, where they believe that all life forms have an intrinsic value and they as humans have a direct responsibility to maintain the environment for all life forms, but most humans now share the belief referred to as shallow ecology. This belief is that as humans, we have to protect the environment so that it can continue to support human life now and for future generations of human beings. Preserving what we have is exceptionally more cost effective that replacing it in the future. Currently â€Å"sixty countries have lost virtually all of their forest cover, more than three quarters of the world’s fish stocks (providing food for two billion people) are in steep decline, nearly one third of the globe’s cropland has been abandoned in the last forty years due to erosion, and the world has lost half of its wetlands and one third of it’s coral reefs (Adams, J. 2010, para. 4). According to these numbers, we are in the middle of an environmental crisis. Humans are realizing this crisis and they are suddenly showing more interest in environmental ethics. They are seeing the depletion with their own eyes and imagining how it is going to affect their wallets. Their beliefs of shallow ecology are sta rting to spread worldwide. People want to protect the environment that they have come to rely on so that it will continue to support them and not burden them financially in the future. People are not really doing this for ethical reasons, good or bad for the environment, but more for themselves as individuals. â€Å"When watersheds no longer provide fresh water, forests no longer help prevent droughts and floods, oceans no longer support healthy fish stocks, governments will be called on to provide†¦in other much more expensive ways†(Adams, J. , 2010, para. 5). It is very important to protect the environment, which supports our human life. We will not survive if we do not. Humans must make a choice to protect what they rely on for survival. The shallow ecology belief that is spreading throughout the world is still belief that humans are responsible for the protection environment, but only so that the environment stays in good enough shape that human life can be continually supported. The world is taking on an attitude of every man for himself, but this means that we must protect the environment for ourselves and our futures. People will become more and more aware of the importance of environmental ethics as it continues to affect them financially. An example being, when the price of oil went up dramatically, so did the price of gas. Only when the price of gas went up did companies really start the push of fuel-efficient cars and only when these companies started pushing them and the amount of money savings that was involved in owning one was there a real interest from people in owning them. The first concern in buying fuel-efficient cars is the money saved, second is the positive effect they have on the environment. In this world today, money is at the core of everything. If it will save money, people will generally do it.

The Beatles Essay Example

The Beatles Essay The Beatles are rocks classic act, in the fullest sense of the term.Their music has spoken not only to its own time, but also every generation since.They remain more widely known than any other band of the rock era, and maybe of any era. The group consisted of four Englishmen: George Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and Ringo Starr.Starr was the drummer and the others usually played electric guitar.All of the Beatles sang occasionally.They became knows as the Beatles in 1960. During the sixties, the Beatles recordings topped both the singles and album charts.With the Beatles, albums became rock milestones.Before, rock records were promoted mainly as singles.Record sales were only one dimension of their popularity.When their career really took off, Beatlemania consumed everyone, including the western world.At concerts, fans would cry and scream so loud the group could not be heard. The Beatles toured the United States in 1964 and created mayhem everywhere they preformed.Police and security persons were not prepared for the fans reaction to the Beatles.The group became the most popular group in rock and achieved not only national, but international fame. The Beatles starred in two popular movies A Hard Days Night and Help!A full length cartoon, Yellow Submarine featured the songs and characters of the Beatles.Beatlemania exploded when the group performed to some on Ed Sullivans popular television program.Over 73 million Americans tuned into the show.After the performance The Beatles would have five singles on the billboard Hot 100 Charts.Their hair and clothing styles influenced a generation of young people.Fifteen thousand Beatle wigs were sold daily.Still grown-ups took the Beatles more seriously as a psychological rather than as a musical phenomenon.

Esther’s Path for Plath Essays

Esther’s Path for Plath Essays Esther’s Path for Plath Essay Esther’s Path for Plath Essay Esther Greenwood, from the novel The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath, contests the hypocrisies of 1950’s male misogyny; she endures the prejudices that come with the era’s premature perception of mental illness, and she helps Plath to live on vicariously through her, in a way the great poet could not. The Bell Jar portrays mental illness as a disease to be ashamed of, and disregarded.   The book is written from the perspective of those living in the 1950’s. Plath’s main character, Esther Greenwood, experiences this inadequacy and discovers the truth about the society as she is treated for her medical diagnosis. In this book, Plath, like Greenwood, takes a step out of the typical beliefs and boundaries of her era.   A woman ahead of her time, Plath rebels through her writing, and asks more of society than it asks of itself. Her main character, Esther, goes through depressive social interactions that play off each other, until she has an identity crisis, and looks to suicide as her only end.   The conflict stems more from the limitations of society to be able to accept this type of behavior from a young woman than the illness itself.Esther is the I of the Bell Jar, in that she perceives everything as it happens, even when it’s happening to her.   Each connection she forms throughout her growth all contribute to her final state of balance. The relationships she forms with others are documented as they happen, and each one influences her sanity.   So much so, one relationship she has causes her to lose her sanity and then another causes her to reclaim it.   Esther’s father passes away when she is 9 years old.   She never finds a good relationship with a man, and she has no, real, deep connection with her mother.   Plus she is separated from all the other girls she encounters, particularly Joan, by her lack of wealth. It should be noted that, though all the girls are in New York for the same reason, they are granted this trip according to the stereotypical confines of their male overseers. The trip in itself is a form of molding the women for their place in society. Esther makes this clear when she says,we had all won a fashion magazine contest,†¦, and as prizes they gave us jobs in New York for a month, expenses paid, and piles and piles of free bonuses, like ballet tickets and passes to fashion shows and hair styling at a famous expensive salon and chances to meet successful people in the field of our desire and advice about what to do with our particular complexions (Plath, p4).If Esther is anything like Plath, as the reader is expected to believe, she will eventually see this ploy, the same way she eventually sees through Buddy. Not to forget, the nature of the relationship she has with Buddy is very fake and empty.   The fact that she is such a poetic introspective thinker, and Buddy is the exact opposite is even more draining to her character. In fact, Plat h presents her decision to cheat on Buddy in reaction to his affair as one of the key factors to her descent into madness. It is the connection she has with Joan and Dr. Norman that bring her sanity back.   These symbolic connections are key examples of Plath’s writing style.The Bell Jar’s greatness as a book is increased even more by Sylvia Plath’s method of writing and the sharing of her thoughts. Plath opened the doors to reality and through feministic views, showed the treatment of women, images and events about sex, and the mentally ill; both were thought of as inferior and less important during her time. Family and work pressures, transitions from adolescence to womanhood, or motherhood to menopause, even the stresses of daily life can influence mental health.   In her article, . â€Å"the intricate web of influences- genetic, sexual, and social – that affect mental well-being. Throughout the novel, Esther Greenwood is cynical, rebellious, and against the conventions of society; yet she had attempted to behave normally and fit in to the crowd. Her low self-esteem, the experience and the lack of experience she has of life, and the environment that surrounds her, leads to her inability to function and attempts of suicide. Esther’s troubles originate in her mind, but become worse by all the circumstances around her.   This is another example of the bildunsgroman model.As a young woman, who rebels against the limitations of 1950 society, Esther feels a disconnection with the rest of the world. She gains the will to surpass darkness, and to live life again.   This ideal of rebirth and redemption is a classic theme of many books like this. The Bell Jar falls within the bildungsroman model, in the fact that the main character develops in reaction to her environment.   These books are known for their characters having journeys of mental and spiritual growth, and eventually finding balance.   In her article, â€Å" The Bell Jar†: A Novel of the Fifties, Linda Wagner-Martin acknowledges that the book can be taken a in a number of ways and is actually quite a difficult novel to placed into one particular genre, or category.   This is due to the fact that most bildungroman’s star male protagonists.   By arguing this in 1992, she actually slightly refutes the argument made in 1974, by another scholar, ironically also named Linda Wagner.   This just proves the categorization of Plath’s novel is up for debate on many levels.Many scholars believe that if Esther was diagnosed today, she would be identified as a victim of Borderline Personality Disorder.   This is a disorder characteristic of disrupted interpersonal relationships.   It’s most common with females, and causes mood swings.   These people tend to fear abandonment and get very frantic over the thought of failure or rejection. Esther displays many of these same characteristics throughout the novel. In h er article Mental Wellness for Women, Rita Baron-Faust describes BPD as a pattern of unstable self-image, personal relationships and moods and impulsiveness (Baron-Faust 77). Some experts describe BPD as a major â€Å"identity crisis,† characterized by extreme uncertainty about many life issues, including career choices, long-term goals, choices in friends or lovers, questions of values and even sexual orientation (Baron-Faust, p84).   It is up for debate, whether BPD is Esther’s disorder; but the authenticity of Esther’s mental illness undoubtedly is the draw for many young readers, and scholastic analysis.In her article, â€Å"A Ritual For Being Born Twice† Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar, Marjorie G. Perloff analyzes the popular appeal the novel holds among young women. The concept of the emotional distress that comes from illness conflicting with the psychological and social boundaries, used to confine women during the 1950’s, is interpret ed as a major contribution to the books growing fan base. The major draw the book has is the complex nature of Esther’s dysfunctions.   She is mentally ill in a way that leaves her situation open to be theorized.   Barron-Faust characterized Esther as having borderline personality disorder.   This is based on her impulsive mood swings and unpredictable personality.   In Perloff’s essay, she cites a scholar by the name of J.D. Lang, who characterizes Esther’s behavior as being the schizoid personality type.   He says this is due to her often disconnection from reality.   Lang even gives an example from the book where Esther is being questioned by the Ladies’ Day, she asks, What do you have in mind after you graduate? Lang points out that Esther observes herself respond, and doesn’t feel attached to her actions.   Plath writes this response as, ‘I don’t really know,’ I heard my-self say†¦(Plath).   This citing enforces Lang’s position, but it is also said that people with borderline personality disorder have the same type of disconnection.   Even these scholars are left with no other choice but to theorize over what might have been Esther’s sickness.   The main sickness that leads to her almost committing suicide is still up for debate.   I personally think she suffered from avoidant personality disorder.Avoidant personality disorder is a classic bundle of character traits, which the story tellers have used to personify teenage loners, super villains, and dark heroes, since even before the Phantom of the opera, Frankenstein, or The Incredible Hulk Avoidant personality disorder is characterized by inhibition of social desires, feelings of inadequacy, and fear of negative judgment. People with this disorder are characterized as loners who feel separate from their society.   These are all characteristics which Esther exemplifies. Very few people who don’t know m uch about psychology know the difference between clinical psychological disorders and personality disorders.   For example, a student of psychology will tell you that Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder are two completely different dysfunctions.   The personality disorder is derived more of workaholic and dismissive tendencies; whereas, the clinical disease deals more with unavoidable impulses demanded by the brain.   The fact that Esther’s behavior can fall into so many separate categories of psychological health is just a testament to the depth of Plath’s character development.   And, it is also another perfect example of why so many young women can relate to this novel.Through Esther, Plath addresses practically every sociological discourse imaginable for a young woman to encounter.   The societal ideal that women are inferior is the antagonist to Esther’s heroin.   Plath confronts the hypocrisy between the sexes with the relationship between Esther and Buddy.   After Buddy cheats on her, she does the same in response.   The loss of her virginity to Irwin is another symbolic gesture of her rebellion against the misogynistic status quo.   Plath makes underlying statements about lesbianism, in a time when it too was considered a disease.   She does this in her conversation with Dr. Nolan.   Ester asks him what to women might see in one another, and he replies tenderness. This a very bold statement for any author to make, let alone a female one, in the 1950’s.   The main irony of the book is the fact that Esther doesn’t truly get sick until after her affair with Irwin.   One must wonder what Plath meant to imply by this, and what correlation it has to her own life.This novel is such a historic piece of literary art because it is a semi-autobiographical sketch of the days leading up to Plath’s own suicide. The novel is respect for its rebellious nature, a nd also the authenticity of Esther’s mental illness.   More important, than the mystery of whether she’ll improve, is the mystery behind the cause of her actual illness.   We are also left with the mystery of never knowing whether or not Esther improves, but knowing that Plath does not.   This leaves a very obscure explanation for the initial question what really leads one to suicide? In his article, Plath’s Lives, Langdon Hammer makes a clear connection of Plath to Esther, and their relation to suicide.And the moon that lives on? Is there a face in it? One biographical answer would be that the moon, in mourning clothes (Her blacks crackle and drag), is an image of the poet herself, safe above her other double, the dead woman.   Subtly associated with the slangy, tough-talking Esther Greenwood (She is used to this sort of thing), the moon hints at Plath’s hope of living on after suicide; we can read it as a sign of her wish to observe and so survi ve that bleak, approaching event (Hammer, p.85).Considering that the reader knows Plath doesn’t make it, but we are to assume that Esther does, the book is put in a very hard position. The poetic nature of Plath’s writing comes to play in the fact that the reader is given an underlying reason to believe that Esther will survive.In her essay Perloff gives notice to this underlying justification to carryon.   She claims that Esther has a rebirth and that it happens through the guidance of Dr. Nolan.   Perloff notes that since Dr. Nolan is the first woman who Esther doesn’t feel inclined to be like, it marks the beginning of Esther’s individuality.   An individuality, in which, she is completely apathetic towards the unjust world she’s been rebelling against. Perloff sums up this entire idea of Esther’s reassessment of her life, by citing one of Plath’s most poetic statements in the book, As if the usual order of the world had shif ted slightly (275, Plath)†¦This perfectly sums up the state of mind Esther is in, when she walks into the room at the end. The reader is given no reason to lose faith in Esther, this faith is slightly tainted by the fact the book is very closely based on Plath’s life and she died by committing suicide. As sad as it is to say, Plath’s death only enhanced the authenticity of Esther’s psychological dysfunction. The true identity of her mental disorder is a debate that will remain up for question, until the day we find out what happened when Esther walked into that room. By the story ending where it does, it leaves Esther’s outcome open for interpretation. With Plath’s close correlation to Esther, and her death in the back of the minds of every reader, I think Esther’s new found state of balance shows us what Plath aspired for; and by her leaving Esther’s fans to decide the outcome, in a way, she ensures an ever-changing ending for h erself.   I would hope they all turn out well.

Computer Game Improves the Motivation of Learning Mathematics Research Paper

Computer Game Improves the Motivation of Learning Mathematics - Research Paper Example According to Azevedo, mathematics or math games are fun activities. They usually encourage motivation, call for deep thinking, require both chance and skills, and provide multiple approaches to problem-solving. These games implement certain mathematical strategies and skills by leveraging the natural inclination of the student to play. The games can either be played by an individual, a small or large group; it can be cooperative and/or competitive. Mathematical games have been proved to have some rewarding impacts to students. Azevedo argues that games are usually part of after-school activities. Math games can provide the students with suitable contexts for developing both socially and mathematically. In addition, Shin, Sutherland, Norris & Soloway affirm that students can explore and discuss new strategies with their peers and use these strategies to solve and calculate mathematical problems. Furthermore, math games allow the students to participate at a level of their choice and b uild on their knowledge and understanding. There exists limited empirical literature that supports the hypothesis with most of those advocating for the technique being the game developers and investors, which makes the supporting results relatively biased.There have been many studies showing how computer games find their place at the elementary school class and students. In order to support the hypothesis that computer games improve motivation in learning mathematics in elementary school, four studies from different sources are considered.